Table of Contents, Show Frames, No Frames

µÚÒ»ÕÂ Ó²¼þ»ù´¡


²Ù×÷ϵͳ±ØÐëÓë»ù±¾Ó²¼þϵͳÃÜÇÐЭ×÷¡£ËüÐèÒªÄÇЩ½ö½öÄܹ»ÓÉÓ²¼þÌṩµÄ·þÎñ¡£ÎªÁËÈ«ÃæÀí½âLinux²Ù×÷ϵͳ£¬Äã±ØÐëÒª¶®µÃһЩÓйØÓ²¼þµÄ֪ʶ¡£±¾Õ½«¶ÔÓ²¼þ£ºÏÖ´úPC×öÒ»¸ö¼òÒªµÄ½éÉÜ¡£ µ±1975ÄêÒ»ÔµÄ"Popular Electronics"ÔÓÖ¾ÒÔAltair 8080µÄͼƬ×÷Ϊ·âÃæÊ±£¬Ò»³¡¸ïÃü¿ªÊ¼ÁË¡£ ¼ÒÓõçÆ÷°®ºÃÕßÄܶÀÁ¢×é×°³öÀ´µÄAltair 8080£¬µ±Ê±¼Û¸ñ½ö½öΪ397ÃÀÔ²¡£ÕâÖÖ´øÓÐ256×Ö½ÚÄÚ´æµÄ8080´¦ÀíÆ÷»¹Ã»ÓÐÏÔʾÆ÷Óë¼üÅÌ£¬ÒÔ½ñÌìµÄ±ê×¼À´¿´£¬ËüÊÇ΢²»×ãµÀµÄ¡£ËüµÄ´´ÔìÕߣ¬ Ed Roberts£¬·¢Ã÷ÁË"personal computer"À´ÃèÐðËûµÄз¢Ã÷¡£µ«ÏÖÔÚPCÕâÒ»ÊõÓïÒѱ»ÓÃÀ´³ÆºôÄÇЩ×Ô¼º¾Í¿ÉÒÔЯ´øµÄ¼ÆËã»ú¡£ÔÚÕâ¸ö¶¨ÒåÉÏ£¬·Ç³£Ç¿¾¢µÄ¼ÆËã»úÈçAlpha AXP Ò²¿É³ÆÎªPC¡£ ¿ñÈȵÄHACKERÃÇ¿´µ½ÁËAltairµÄ¾Þ´óDZÁ¦£¬ÓÚÊÇËûÃÇ¿ªÊ¼ÎªËü±àдÈí¼þºÍÉè¼ÆÓ²¼þ¡£¶ÔÔçÆÚµÄÏÈÇýÀ´ËµÕâÒâζÕßijÖÖ×ÔÓÉ£»Ò»ÖÖ´ÓÍç¹ÌµÄ³¬¼¶Åú´¦ÀíÖ÷»úÖнâ·Å³öÀ´µÄ×ÔÓÉ¡£¹ö¹ö¶øÀ´µÄ²Æ¸»ÈÃÐí¶à×ÅÃÔÓÚ´Ë£¨Ò»Ì¨¿ÉÒÔ·ÅÔÚ³ø·¿²Í×ÀÉϵļÆËã»ú£©µÄ´óѧÉú·×·×ÍËѧ¡£Ðí¶àÎ廨°ËÃŵÄÓ²¼þ¿ªÊ¼³öÏÖ£¬Èí¼þ HACKERÃÇæ×ÅΪÕâЩлúÆ÷±àдÈí¼þ¡£ÓÐÒâ˼µÄÊÇIBMÊ×ÏȼᶨµÄ½øÐÐÏÖ´úPCµÄÉè¼ÆºÍÖÆÔì²¢ÓÚ1982 ÄêÍÆ³ö²úÆ·¡£¸Ã²úÆ·µÄ¹¹ÔìÊÇ£º8080 CPU¡¢64K×Ö½ÚÖ÷´æ¡¢Á½¸öÈíÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷ÒÔ¼°25ÐÐ80ÁеIJÊÉ«CGA ÏÔʾÆ÷¡£ËäÈ»ÒÔÏÖÔڹ۵㿴ÄÇЩ¶¼²»ÊǶàôÏȽøµÄ¶«Î÷µ«µ±Ê±ÏúÊÛÇé¿öÈ´ºÜºÃ¡£½ô½Ó×Å£¬1983Ä꣬´øÓаº¹óµÄ10MBÓ²ÅÌÇý¶¯Æ÷µÄIBM PC-XT³öÏÖÁË¡£ÔÚIBM PCÌåϵ½á¹¹³ÉΪÊÂʵÉϵıê×¼²»¾ÃÖ®ºó£¬´óÁ¿·ÂÖÆÕßÈçCOMPAQ¹«Ë¾³öÏÖÁË¡£ÓÉÓÚÕâÖÖÊÂʵ±ê×¼µÄ´æÔÚ£¬¶à¸öÓ²¼þ¹«Ë¾ÔÚÕâÒ»¿ìËÙÔö³¤µÄÊг¡ÉϽøÐÐÁ˼¤ÁÒ¾ºÕù¡£ µ«Óû§È´´ÓµÍ¼ÛÖлñÒæ¡£Ðí¶àÔçÆÚPCÖÐµÄ½á¹¹ÌØÕ÷»¹±£ÁôÔÚÏÖ´úPCϵͳÖС£±ÈÈçIntel¹«Ë¾×îÏȽøµÄPentium Pro´¦ÀíÆ÷»¹±£Áô×ÅIntel 8086µÄѰַģʽ¡£µ±Linus Torvalds¿ªÊ¼Ð´Linuxʱ£¬ËûÑ¡ÔñÁ˵±Ê±×î¹ã·ºÊ¹ÓÃͬʱ¼Û¸ñºÏÀíµÄIntel 80386 PC¡£ ͼ1.1 µäÐ͵ÄPCÖ÷°åʾÒâͼ¡£ ´ÓPCµÄÍⲿÀ´¿´£¬×îÒýÈËעĿµÄÊÇ»úÏ䣬¼üÅÌ£¬Êó±êÒÔ¼°ÏÔʾÆ÷¡£ÔÚ»úÏäǰ²¿ÓÐһЩ°´Å¥£¬Ò»¸ö΢ÐÍÏÔʾÆ÷ÏÔʾ×ÅһЩÊý×Ö£¬´ËÍ⻹ÓÐÒ»¸öÈíÇý¡£½ñÌìµÄ´ó¶àÊý»úÆ÷»¹°üº¬Ò»¸öCD ROM£¬ÁíÍ⣬Èç¹ûÏë±£»¤ÄãµÄÊý¾Ý£¬»¹¿ÉÒÔÌí¼ÓÒ»¸ö´Å´ø»ú×÷Ϊ±¸·ÝÓá£ÕâЩÉ豸ͳ³ÆÎªÍⲿÉ豸¡£ ¾¡¹ÜCPUÊÇϵͳµÄ×ܹܣ¬µ«ÊÇËü½ö½öÊÇÒ»¸öÖÇÄÜÉ豸¡£ËùÓеÄÕâЩÍâÉè¿ØÖÆÆ÷¶¼¾ßÓÐijÖÖ²ã¶ÈµÄÖÇÄÜ£¬ÈçIDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡£ÔÚPCÄÚ²¿£¬Äã¿ÉÒÔ¿´µ½Ò»¸ö°üÀ¨CPU»òÕß΢´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬Ö÷´æºÍÐí¶àISA»òPCIÍâÉè¿ØÖÆÆ÷²å²ÛµÄÖ÷°å£¨Í¼1.1£©¡£ÓÐЩ¿ØÖÆÆ÷£¬ÈçIDE´ÅÅÌ¿ØÖÆÆ÷±ØÐ뽨Á¢ÔÚϵͳ°åÉÏ¡£


ͼ 1.1: µäÐ͵ÄPCÖ÷°å.

 

1.1 CPU

CPU£¬»òÕß΢´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬ÊǼÆËã»úϵͳµÄºËÐÄ¡£Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷½øÐмÆËã»òÕßÂß¼­²Ù×÷²¢ÇÒ¹ÜÀíÀ´×ÔÖ÷´æµÄÖ¸Áî²¢Ö´ÐÐËü¡£ÔÚ¼ÆËã»úµÄÔçÆÚʱ´ú£¬Î¢´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ¹¦Äܲ¿¼þʹÓõÄÊÇ·ÖÁ¢Ôª¼þ£¨ÍâÐͺܴ󣩡£ Õâ¾ÍÊÇÖÐÑë´¦Àíµ¥ÔªÕâÒ»Ãû´ÊµÄÓÉÀ´¡£ÏÖ´ú΢´¦ÀíÆ÷½«²¿¼þ½áºÏµ½Ð¡ÐÍ¹èÆ¬Éϵɵç·ÖС£ÔÚ±¾ÊéÖÐCPUºÍ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷¼°´¦ÀíÆ÷ÓÐÏàͬµÄÒâÒå¡£ ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ²Ù×÷¶ÔÏóÊǶþ½øÖÆÊý¾Ý£»Êý¾ÝÓÉ0ºÍ1×é³É¡£ 1ºÍ0¶ÔÓ¦×ŵç×Ó¿ª¹ØµÄ¿ªÂ·Óë¶Ï·״̬¡£ÕýÈçÊ®½øÖƵÄ42±íʾÓÐ4¸ö10ºÍÒ»¸ö2Ò»Ñù£¬Ò»¸ö¶þ½øÖÆÊýÊÇһϵÁбíʾ2µÄ´ÎÃݵĶþ½øÖÆÊý×Ö×é³É¡£¶þ½øÖÆ0001¶ÔӦʮ½øÖƵÄ1£¬¶þ½øÖƵÄ0010¶ÔӦʮ½øÖÆ µÄ2£¬¶þ½øÖƵÄ0011±íʾ3£¬¶ø0100¶ÔÓ¦4¡£Ê®½øÖÆ42µÄ¶þ½øÖƱíʾΪ101010¡£µ«ÊÇÔÚ¼ÆËã»ú³ÌÐòÖУ¬ ÈËÃdz£ÓÃÊ®½øÖÆÀ´±íʾÊý¶ø²»ÊÇÖ±½ÓʹÓöþ½øÖÆ¡£ ÔÚÐèҪʹÓöþ½øÖÆÊýʱ£¬ÈËÃÇÍùÍùʹÓÃ16½øÖÆÊý¡£ÈçÊ®½øÖÆÊýÖ»ÄÜ´Ó0µ½9Ò»Ñù£¬16½øÖÆÊý¿ÉÒÔ´Ó 0Êèµ¼15£¬ÆäÖÐ10µ½15·Ö±ðÓÃ×ÖĸA¡¢B¡¢C¡¢D¡¢E¼°FÀ´±íʾ¡£ÕâÑù16½øÖƵÄ2AµÄÊ®½øÖƱíʾΪ42- 2*16+10=42¡£ÔÚC³ÌÐòÓïÑÔÖУ¬16½øÖÆÊýµÄǰ׺Ϊ"0x"£»16½øÖƵÄ2Aд³É0x2A¡£ ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷¿ÉÒÔÖ´ÐÐÈç¼Ó¡¢³ËºÍ³ýÒÔ¼°Ïó"XÊÇ·ñ±ÈY´ó"ÕâÖÖÂß¼­ÔËËã¡£ ´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄÖ´ÐÐÓÉÍⲿʱÖÓÀ´¼à¿Ø¡£Õâ¸öʱÖÓ³ÆÎªÏµÍ³Ê±ÖÓ£¬Ëüÿ¸ôÏàͬµÄʱ¼ä¼ä¸ô¾ÍÏòCPU·¢ËÍÒ»¸öÂö³å¡£ÔÚÿ¸öʱÖÓÂö³åÉÏ£¬´¦ÀíÆ÷¶¼»á×öһЩ¹¤×÷¡£±ÈÈ磬´¦ÀíÆ÷ÿ¸öʱÖÓÂö³åÉÏÖ´ÐÐÒ»ÌõÖ¸Áî¡£´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄËÙ¶ÈÒ»°ãÒÔϵͳʱÖÓµÄËÙÂÊÀ´ÃèÐð¡£Ò»¸ö100MHzµÄ´¦ÀíÆ÷ÿÃ뽫½ÓÊÕ100,000,000 ¸öʱÖӵδ𡣵«ÊÇÓÃCPUµÄʱÖÓÆµÂÊÀ´ÃèÐðCPUµÄ¹¤×÷ÄÜÁ¦ÊDz»ÕýÈ·µÄ£¬ÒòΪËüÃÇÖ´ÐеÄÖ¸Áî²»Ïàͬ¡£ È»¶ø£¬¿ìËÙµÄʱÖÓ¿ÉÒÔÔÚijÖ̶ֳÈÉÏ´ú±í¸ßÐÔÄܵÄCPU¡£´¦ÀíÆ÷Ö´ÐеÄÖ¸ÁîÊǷdz£¼òµ¥µÄ£»ÀýÈç"½«ÄÚ´æX´¦µÄÄÚÈݶÁÈë¼Ä´æÆ÷Y"¡£¼Ä´æÆ÷ÊÇ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄÄÚ²¿´æ´¢²¿¼þ£¬ÓÃÀ´´æ´¢Êý¾Ý²¢¶ÔÊý¾ÝÖ´ÐÐijЩָÁî¡£ÓÐЩָÁîÓпÉÄÜʹ´¦ÀíÆ÷Í£Ö¹µ±Ç°µÄ¹¤×÷¶øÌø×ªµ½ÄÚ´æÖÐÁíÍâÒ»ÌõÖ¸ÁîÖ´ÐС£ÏÖ´ú΢´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ½ô´ÕÉè¼ÆÊ¹µÃËüÓпÉÄÜÿÃëÖ´ÐÐÉϰÙÍòÉõÖÁÒÚÌõÖ¸Áî¡£ Ö¸ÁîÖ´ÐÐǰ±ØÐë´ÓÄÚ´æÖÐÈ¡³öÀ´¡£Ö¸Áî×ÔÉíҪʹÓõÄÊý¾ÝÒ²±ØÐë´ÓÄÚ´æÖÐÈ¡³öÀ´²¢·ÅÖÃÔÚÊʵ±µÄµØ·½¡£ ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷ÖмĴæÆ÷µÄ´óС¡¢ÊýÁ¿ÒÔ¼°ÀàÐͶ¼È¡¾öÓÚ΢´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄÀàÐÍ¡£Intel 80486´¦ÀíÆ÷ºÍAlpha AXP ÓÐåÄÈ»²»Í¬µÄ¼Ä´æÆ÷£¬×îÃ÷ÏÔµÄÇø±ðÔÚÓÚIntel ¼Ä´æÆ÷Ϊ32λ¶øAlpha AXPΪ64λ¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬Èκδ¦ÀíÆ÷¶¼ÓÐÐí¶àͨÓüĴæÆ÷ºÍÉÙÁ¿×¨ÓüĴæÆ÷¡£Ðí¶à΢´¦ÀíÆ÷ÓÐÒÔϼ¸ÖÖÌØ¶¨µÄ¼Ä´æÆ÷¡£

´Ë¼Ä´æÆ÷°üº¬ÏÂÌõÖ¸ÁîÖ´ÐеĵØÖ·¡£Ã¿µ±È¡»ØÒ»ÌõÖ¸Áîʱ£¬PCµÄÄÚÈݽ«×Ô¶¯Ôö¼Ó¡£

΢´¦ÀíÆ÷¾­³£ÐèÒª·ÃÎÊ´æ´¢ÁÙʱÊý¾ÝµÄÍⲿRAM¡£¶ÑÕ»ÊÇÒ»ÖÖ±ã½ÝµÄ´æ·ÅÁÙʱÊý¾ÝµÄ·½·¨£¬´¦ÀíÆ÷ÌṩÁËÌØÊâÖ¸ÁîÀ´½«ÊýֵѹÈë¶ÑջȻºó½«Æä´Ó¶ÑÕ»Öе¯³ö¡£ ¶ÑÕ»ÒÔºó½øÏȳö(LIFO)µÄ·½Ê½¹¤×÷¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬Èç¹ûÄãѹÈëÁ½¸öÖµXºÍY£¬È»ºóÖ´Ðе¯Õ»²Ù×÷£¬Ä㽫ȡµ½YµÄÖµ¡£ ÓÐЩ´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ¶ÑÕ»´ÓÄÚ´æ¶¥²¿ÏòÏÂÔö³¤¶øÓÐЩÏà·´¡£µ«ÓеĴ¦ÀíÆ÷ͬʱ֧³ÖÕâÁ½ÖÖ·½Ê½£¬ÈçARM¡£

Ö¸ÁîµÄÖ´Ðн«µÃµ½Ö´Ðнá¹û£»±ÈÈç"¼Ä´æÆ÷XÖеÄÄÚÈÝÒª´óÓڼĴæÆ÷YÖеÄÄÚÈÝ£¿"½«µÃµ½ÕýÈ·»ò´íÎó×÷Ϊ½á¹û¡£PS¼Ä´æÆ÷°üº¬×ÅÕâЩÐÅÏ¢¼°Óйش¦ÀíÆ÷µ±Ç°×´Ì¬µÄÆäËûÐÅÏ¢¡£ÀýÈç´ó¶àÊý´¦ÀíÆ÷ÖÁÉÙÓÐÁ½ÖÖÖ´Ðз½Ê½£¬ºËÐÄ£¨»ò¹Ü̬£©ÓëÓû§·½Ê½¡£PS¼Ä´æÆ÷°üº¬±íʾµ±Ç°Ö´Ðз½Ê½µÄÐÅÏ¢¡£

1.2 ÄÚ´æ

ËùÓмÆËã»úϵͳ¶¼ÓÐÒ»¸öÓɲ»Í¬ËÙ¶ÈÓë´óСµÄ´æ´¢Æ÷×é³ÉµÄ²ã´Î½á¹¹¡£×î¿ìµÄµÄ´æ´¢Æ÷ÊǸßËÙ»º´æ£¬Ëü±»ÓÃÀ´ÔÝ´æÖ÷´æÖеÄÄÚÈÝ¡£ÕâÖÖ´æ´¢Æ÷Ëٶȷdz£¿ìµ«·Ç³£°º¹ó£¬´ó¶àÊý´¦ÀíÆ÷¶¼ÓÐÉÙÁ¿µÄƬÉϸßËÙ»º´æ»òÕß½«Æä·ÅÔÚÖ÷°åÉÏ¡£ÓÐЩ´¦ÀíÆ÷µÄ¸ßËÙ»º´æ¼È°üº¬Êý¾ÝÒ²°üº¬Ö¸Áµ«ÓÐЩ½«Æä·Ö³ÉÁ½²¿·Ö¡£ Alpha AXP´¦ÀíÆ÷ÓÐÁ½¸öÄÚ²¿¸ßËÙ»º´æ£¬Ò»¸öÓÃÀ´»º´æÊý¾Ý£¨D-Cache£©¶øÁíÒ»¸öÓÃÀ´»º´æÖ¸ÁI- Cache£©¡£¶øÍⲿ¸ßËÙ»º´æ£¨B-Cache£©½«Á½Õß»ìºÏ¡£ÕâÑù£¬Ïà¶ÔÍⲿ¸ßËÙ»º´æ´æ´¢Æ÷£¬Ö÷´æµÄËٶȷdz£Âý¡£ ¸ßËÙ»º´æÓëÖ÷´æÖеÄÄÚÈݱØÐë±£³ÖÒ»Ö¡£»»¾ä»°Ëµ£¬¶ÔÓ¦ÓÚµØÖ·¿Õ¼äµÄͬһ¸öλÖã¬Èç¹û¸ÃλÖõÄÊý¾Ý±»»º´æÈë¸ßËÙ»º´æ£¬ÔòÆäÄÚÈݱØÐëºÍÖ÷´æÖеÄÒ»Ö¡£±£Ö¤¸ßËÙ»º´æÒ»ÖÂÐԵŤ×÷ÓÉÓ²¼þºÍ²Ù×÷ϵͳ¹²Í¬·Öµ£¡£ Õâ¾ÍÊÇÔÚϵͳÖÐÓ²¼þºÍÈí¼þ±ØÐë½ôÃÜЭ×÷µÄÔ­Òò¡£

1.3 ×ÜÏß

Ö÷°åÉÏ·ÖÁ¢µÄ²¿¼þͨ¹ý³ÆÎª×ÜÏßµÄÏß·Á¬½ÓÔÚÒ»Æð¡£ÏµÍ³×ÜÏߵŦÄÜÔÚÂß¼­Éϱ»»®·ÖΪÈý²¿·Ö£º µØÖ·×ÜÏß¡¢Êý¾Ý×ÜÏߺͿØÖÆ×ÜÏß¡£µØÖ·×ÜÏßΪÊý¾Ý´«ÊäÖ¸Ã÷ÄÚ´æÎ»Ö㨵ØÖ·£©¡£Êý¾Ý×ÜÏß°üº¬´«ÊäµÄÊý¾Ý¡£Êý¾Ý×ÜÏßÊÇË«ÏòµÄ£»ËüÔÊÐíÊý¾Ý¶ÁÈëCPUÒ²Ö§³Ö´ÓCPU¶Á³öÀ´¡£¿ØÖÆ×ÜÏßÔò°üº¬¼¸Ìõ±íʾ·ÓÉ·ÖʱºÍϵͳµÄ¿ØÖÆÐźš£µ±È»»¹ÓÐÆäËûһЩ×ÜÏß´æÔÚ£¬ÀýÈçISAºÍPCI×ÜÏßÊǽ«ÍâÉèÁ¬½Óµ½ÏµÍ³µÄ³£Ó÷½Ê½¡£

1.4 ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÓëÍâÉè

ÍâÉèÊÇһЩÎïÀíÉ豸£¬±ÈÈç˵ͼÏ󿨻òÕß´ÅÅÌ£¬ËüÃÇÊÜ¿ØÓÚλÓÚÖ÷°å»òÕßÖ÷°åÉϲå²ÛÖеĿØÖÆÐ¾Æ¬¡£ IDE´ÅÅ̱»IDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷оƬ¿ØÖƶøSCSI´ÅÅÌÓÉSCSI´ÅÅÌ¿ØÖÆÆ÷оƬ¿ØÖÆ¡£ÕâЩ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ͨ¹ý¸÷ÖÖ×ÜÏßÁ¬½Óµ½CPUÉÏ»òÏ໥¼ä»¥Á¬¡£Ä¿Ç°ÖÆÔìµÄ´ó¶àÊýϵͳʹÓÃPCIºÍISA×ÜÏßÀ´Á¬½ÓÖ÷Ҫϵͳ²¿¼þ¡£¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÊÇһЩÀàËÆCPUµÄ´¦ÀíÆ÷£¬ËüÃÇ¿ÉÒÔ¿´×öCPUµÄÖÇÄܰïÊÖ¡£CPUÔòÊÇϵͳµÄ×ܿء£ ËäÈ»ËùÓÐÕâЩ¿ØÖÆÆ÷»¥²»Ïàͬ£¬µ«ÊÇËüÃǵļĴæÆ÷µÄ¹¦ÄÜÀàËÆ¡£ÔËÐÐÔÚCPUÉϵÄÈí¼þ±ØÐëÄܶÁ³ö»òÕßдÈëÕâЩ¿ØÖƼĴæÆ÷¡£ÆäÖÐÓÐÒ»¸ö¼Ä´æÆ÷¿ÉÄܰüº¬Ö¸Ê¾´íÎóµÄ״̬Âë¡£ÁíÒ»¸öÔòÓÃÓÚ¿ØÖÆÄ¿µÄ£¬ÓÃÀ´¸Ä±ä¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÄÔËÐÐģʽ¡£ÔÚ×ÜÏßÉϵÄÿ¸ö¿ØÖÆÆ÷¿ÉÒÔ±»CPUËùµ¥¶ÀѰַ£¬ÕâÊÇÈí¼þÉ豸Çý¶¯³ÌÐòÄÜдÈë¼Ä´æÆ÷²¢ÄÜ¿ØÖÆÕâЩ¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÄÔ­Òò¡£

1.5 µØÖ·¿Õ¼ä

ϵͳ×ÜÏß½«CPUÓëÖ÷´æÁ¬½ÓÔÚÒ»Æð²¢ÇÒºÍÁ¬½ÓCPUÓëϵͳӲ¼þÍâÉèµÄ×ÜÏ߸ôÀ뿪¡£Ò»°ãÀ´Ëµ£¬Ó²¼þÍâÉè´æÔÚµÄÖ÷´æ¿Õ¼ä½ÐI/O¿Õ¼ä¡£I/O¿Õ¼ä»¹¿ÉÒÔ½øÒ»²½Ï¸·Ö£¬µ«ÕâÀïÎÒÃDz»ÔÙÉ¡£CPU¼È¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊϵͳÄÚ´æ¿Õ¼äÓÖ¿ÉÒÔ·ÃÎÊI/O¿Õ¼äÄڴ棬¶ø¿ØÖÆÆ÷×ÔÉíÖ»ÄÜÔÚCPUЭÖúϼä½ÓµÄ·ÃÎÊϵͳÄÚ´æ¡£´ÓÉ豸µÄ½Ç¶ÈÀ´¿´£¬±ÈÈç˵ÈíÅÌ¿ØÖÆÆ÷£¬ËüÖ»ÄÜ¿´µ½ÔÚISA×ÜÏßÉϵĿØÖƼĴæÆ÷¶ø²»ÊÇϵͳÄÚ´æ¡£µäÐ͵ÄCPUʹÓò»Í¬Ö¸ÁîÀ´·ÃÎÊÄÚ´æÓëI/O¿Õ¼ä¡£ÀýÈ磬¿ÉÄÜÓÐÒ»ÌõÖ¸Áî"½«I/OµØÖ·0x3F0µÄÄÚÈݶÁÈëµ½¼Ä´æÆ÷X"¡£ÕâÕýÊÇCPU¿ØÖÆÏµÍ³Ó²¼þÉ豸µÄ·½Ê½£ºÍ¨¹ý¶ÁдI/OµØÖ·¿Õ¼äÉϵÄÍâÉè¼Ä´æÆ÷¡£ÔÚI/O¿Õ¼äÖÐͨÓÃÍâÉè(IDE¿ØÖÆÆ÷¡¢´®Ðпڡ¢ÈíÅÌ¿ØÖÆÆ÷µÈµÈ)ÉϵļĴæÆ÷¾­¹ý¶àÄêµÄPCÌåϵ½á¹¹·¢Õ¹»ù±¾±£³Ö²»±ä¡£I/OµØÖ·¿Õ¼ä0x3f0ÊÇ´®ÐпÚ(COM1)µÄ¿ØÖƼĴæÆ÷Ö®Ò»¡£ ÓÐʱ¿ØÖÆÆ÷ÐèÒªÖ±½Ó´ÓϵͳÖ÷´æÖжÁд´óÁ¿Êý¾Ý¡£ÀýÈçµ±Óû§½«Êý¾ÝдÈëÓ²ÅÌʱ¡£ÔÚÕâÖÖÇé¿ö Ï£¬Ö±½ÓÄÚ´æ·ÃÎÊ(DMA)¿ØÖÆÆ÷½«ÓÃÀ´ÔÊÐíÓ²¼þÍâÉèÖ±½Ó·ÃÎÊϵͳÖ÷´æ£¬²»¹ýÕ⽫´¦ÓÚCPUµÄÑϸñ¼à¿ØÏ¡£

1.6 ʱÖÓ

ËùÓеIJÙ×÷ϵͳ¶¼±ØÐë׼ȷµÄµÃµ½µ±Ç°Ê±¼ä£¬ËùÒÔÏÖ´úPC°üº¬Ò»¸öÌØÊâµÄÍâÉè³ÆÎªÊµÊ±Ê±ÖÓ(RTC)¡£ËüÌṩÁË Á½ÖÖ·þÎñ£º¿É¿¿µÄÈÕÆÚºÍʱ¼äÒÔ¼°¾«È·µÄʱ¼ä¼ä¸ô¡£RTCÓÐÆä×ÔÉíµÄµç³ØÕâÑù¼´Ê¹PCµôµçʱËüÕÕÑù¿ÉÒÔ¹¤×÷£¬Õâ¾ÍÊÇPC×ÜÊÇ"ÖªµÀ"Õýȷʱ¼äºÍÈÕÆÚµÄÔ­Òò¡£¶øÊ±¼ä¼ä¸ô¶¨Ê±Æ÷ʹµÃ²Ù×÷ϵͳÄܽøÐÐ׼ȷµÄµ÷¶È¹¤×÷¡£

 

 


Top of Chapter, Table of Contents, Show Frames, No Frames
© 1996-1999 David A Rusling copyright notice.